Critical Paper A Rose for Emily

In the story of â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, a kind of point of view that is used was first point of view of multiple characters where the narrator is one of the characters in the story. The multiple characters narrate the actions of a group of characters while never referring to a â€Å"me† and only to a â€Å"we† of the group. It was evident that the narrator was one of the townspeople who were very objective in presenting the facts of the story. He told us about what the townspeople think of Miss Emily but he didn’t judge her. He clearly presented a reality, not an illusion in which Miss Emily was the one who’s really struggling with the concept of reality vs. illusion and also living one way while hiding a terrible secret (reality vs. appearance). One of the main themes of the story is that people should let go of their past, moving on with the present so that they can prepare to welcome their future. Emily was the proof of a person who always lived on the shadow of the past because she was afraid of changing. She did not accept the passage of time throughout all her life, keeping everything she loved in the past with her. The first evident was about the description of Grierson’s house which was still remained like a symbol of seventieth century while the society was changing every minute. The second evident was the event that Miss Emily declined to pay taxes because in her mind, her family was powerful and they didn't have to pay any taxes in the town of Jefferson and the third was the fact that Miss Emily had kept her father’s death body inside the house and didn’t allow burying him. And last evident which was also the most interesting of this story, the discovery of Homer Barron's skeleton in the secret room which can be understood that Miss Emily was afraid that he would leave her and she decided to kill him because she was afraid of losing him. Another theme of the story is that not all things, people, and events are always what they appears to be, which was associated and expressed many times throughout the story. The townspeople viewed Miss Emily as a strange old woman. Not until after her death when the men opened the secret room and found the corpse of Homer Barron, did the citizens and the reader realized that Miss Emily had gone insane.

Chromatography for Protein Purification

Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY of SINGAPORE Chemical Engineering Process Laboratory II Experiment B2 Chromatography for Protein Purification Name Matric No. Group : : : Date of Expt. : GRADE : A. Learning objectives 1. 2. 3. 4. Establish chromatographic assay to determine protein concentrations in a mixture. Appreciate the importance of resolution in protein chromatography. Understand the tension between purity and yield in protein chromatography. Understand the importance of mass balance closure in protein purification.B. Introduction I. Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is the workhorse for any biopharmaceutical protein downstream processing train, featuring at least twice within the train. You must recall experiencing the HPLC in one of the experiments in your CN2108 module. Read up on the essential parts of the HPLC system. In this experiment, you will use a modification of the HPLC, the FPLC (Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography System) to separate and purify a mixture of two proteins.The FPLC has been developed to specifically take advantage of the resolution capability of the HPLC for protein purification and collection. II. Concepts in LC When a mixture of proteins is injected into an LC column, the proteins interact with the stationary phase based on their respective chemistries and move through the column at different speed. Based on this differential migration, the proteins elute from the end of the column at different times and therefore become separated. This process is usually facilitated by following the proteins with a mobile phase.Although the protein mixture will have entered as a narrow, concentrated peak, it will exit dispersed and diluted by the mobile phase. This is called bandspreading. Bandspreading (which is an inverse indication of the column efficiency) must be minimized especially for large-scale protein purification. When bandspreading is severe, the proteins may not be sufficiently resolved within a reasonable time-frame. The degree of separation of one component from another is referred to as the resolution (RS), determined based on equation 1 (refer to Fig. 1): RS = VB ? V A 0. (W A + WB ) †¦Eqn. (1) Injection wA VA VB wB Figure 1. Typical protein chromatogram Note that resolution can also be defined based on retention times, instead of volumes. There are various ways to improve resolution, the most straightforward of which is to vary the mode of elution – isocratic versus gradient. Both of these modes are based on the strength of the mobile phase, which directly affects the interactions between the proteins and the stationary phase. In protein chromatography, it is desirable to have high yield as well as high purity of the collected fraction.Yield is the amount of a protein collected as a fraction of the total amount of the same protein fed, while purity is a measure of how much of that protein is in the fraction collected. C. Experimental I. Protein Quantification You will design an experiment to obtain the calibration curves for the two proteins provided using FPLC. You are provided with the following for this experiment: 1. An FPLC system which has been properly set up and equilibrated. You only need to inject 100  µL of each of your samples, and your data will be recorded and analysed by the computer.Note the profile of the mobile phase programmed. 2. A protein mixture containing two proteins (S1 and S2) at concentrations of 1. 0 mg/mL each. II. Protein Purification and Collection You are to perform a chromatographic purification of 1mL of the protein mixture provided. You can expect the chromatogram shown in Fig. 2. Myoglobin Lysozyme Figure 2. Chromatogram of two proteins from FPLC Based on Figure 2, you are to conduct the following: 1. Collect one fraction of the highest yield that is 100% pure S1, and the balance in another fraction. 2.Collect one fraction containing a s much of S1 fed as possible. D. Discussion 1. 2. Briefly describe the experiment that you designed in CI. Explain your choice of the collection times for each of your collection in experiment CII. Determine the yield and purity of each of your collected fractions. Perform a material closure for each of CII (1) and CII (2). Based on your results in (2) above, rationalize the importance of resolution in chromatographic separations. Given the tension between yield and purity, which, in your opinion, is more crucial, yield or purity?How do you propose to improve the resolution of S1 and S2 in this chromatographic purification? 3. 4. Useful Notes 1. Reagents: a. Mixture of two proteins b. Mobile phase – 2M ammonium sulfate in 100mM Phosphate buffer pH 7. 0 c. Elution – 100mM Phosphate buffer pH 7. 0 FPLC to be set up with the appropriate parameters: a. detection wavelength at 280nm b. sample loop – 100  µL c. HIC column for protein separation. d. mobile phase â₠¬â€œ 2 M ammonium sulfate e. mobile phase flow rate: 1 mL/min f. gradient elution – linear gradient 100% to 0% over 10 column volume. 2.

Briefly describe the laws of the UK and the ethical rules of the CFA and their effectiveness in ‘keeping the markets clean’.

Profits are cause of violated rule of investment, so the markets have many problems which lead to the market abuse. This essay is about the significant problem that is insider dealing, lead to unfair trading. This problem spreads to the worldwide. Moreover, this essay focus in why insider dealing is wrong, history of insider dealing, CFA standard, process and development for solving the insider dealing in UK, mosaic theory and defense of legitimate research. To begin with definition of insider dealing, following from FSA Handbook 2006, is behaviors of someone who attempts to trade in related investment base on inside information or nonpublic information. The reasons of why insider dealing is wrong, firstly, insider dealing can prejudice the efficiency of the markets, for example it reduces liquidity of the markets and Raise cost of capital. The stock prices should reflect from all available information and hence provide trustworthy signals on based of investment decisions, if a stock market is efficiency. Moreover, the insider dealing endangers the fair market development and organized markets, so it demoralize confidence of investors. It can menace to damage confidence by decline investors’ beliefs for the fairing market, affect them to take out their money from investment. Furthermore, the insider dealing is immoral because unfair dealing base on unequal in information access. Lastly, it is conflict to business ethics, for example, it destroys companies and their shareholders and recently, many cases in US have significantly broken the fiduciary duty by employees using inside information which belongs to a company. Move to the historical of insider dealing, at the end of World War II, stocks buying and selling in a firm base on information only known in the firm or its directors. This behavior is widespread and legitimate. It was considered wrong for individual benefits for the expense of the main shareholders in a firm between the end of World War II and late decade1950. Although, between the decade 1960 and early decade 1979, the exercise became widespread and often using knowledge for take over. In 1973, the Sunday Times was describing the insider dealing as the â€Å"crime of being something in the City†. A joint statement for criminal sanctions was released by the Takeover Panel and the Stock Exchange in 1973. After that, a number of legislation was passed through Parliament, but it was aborted. The sections 69-73, Part V of the Companies Act 1980 was released for force insider dealing as a criminal offence on 23 June 1980.So the historical of insider dealing shown the insider deali ng was concerned long time ago but it quit difficult and take a long time to release the regulations or laws for force and punishment, because the insider dealing is difficult to define. This behavior should concern by ethic of investor (Cole, 2007). The most important institute of investment which is Chartered Financial Analyst Institute (CFA) also concern about the insider dealing. CFA was issuing Standards of Professional Conduct. The insider dealing was mention in term of material nonpublic information in Standard II (Integrity of Capital Market). In the standard II A. said â€Å"Members and candidate who possess material nonpublic information that could affect the value of an investment must not act or cause others to act on the information†. CFA present reason of acting on nonpublic information wrong because capital markets, institutions and investment professionals was eroded confident because the idea from special access and inside information able to get unfair advantage from investors or organizations who use public information for investment. In UK, the financial regulatory system is self regulation. The self-regulatory arrangements have not been adequate. It was pressured from global factors more than domestic factors. The global factors are significantly changing company law and financial regulations (Gilligan, 1999). The problem of punishable lead to poor market, because the regulations was issued by only authorized persons and key employees in some cases. Hence, the Finance Services and Market Act 2000 (FSMA) presented the chance to create a single regulator, renovate and consolidate the law of UK financial services and right of enhanced regulatory powers for the regulator. So, FSMA provide the FSA to make rule with wide range. Moreover, the FSA also has ability for investigatory and enforcement powers, including the capability to act for avoid market abuse and accuse offenders who are dealing with insider materials. In July 2005, the Market Abuse Directive (MAD) came into largely force. The MAD provisions and the market abuse regime were similar. Nearly five years ago, the Market Conduct in Code of FSA was published in original. In detail, the standards should be examined by everyone who involves in the significant part of UK’s financial markets such as someone who are trading in The UK, including from overseas. The standards are clear in particular, so it is expected to see through descriptions for defining and definition for example, what is and what is not market abuse. The Code gives obviousness for users who involve in financial markets. Furthermore, it brings everyone know about between trading on UK markets, what standards able to be expected. The FSA is not a regulator for enforcement. Otherwise, its purposes to retain clean the markets and discourage abuse through combine enforcement action and prevent measurements. Therefore, improvement of the FSA’s securities transactions checking system lead to heavy investment. The FSA will improve their ability to detect track market abuse (Cole, 2007). The major difficult for enforcing insider dealing regulation in UK are detection, jurisdiction, difficulty of proof, limited enforcement resources such as high cost of prosecution, and ambivalence about censure and general issues of legitimacy. Sometime, insider dealing can be comparatively easy to identify in financial market in some cases. Especially, if there are radical an abnormal fluctuations in the stock value, which are pursued shortly later by publication of take-over or similar scheme. On the other hand, the identification for defining someone who use inside information, is the most difficult for practical enforcement. These problems are aggravated in the market which functions due to increasingly unidentified, global and complicated markets and so precise measurement of the situation of insider dealing is almost impossible. The distorted nature of information from inside and widespread use of useful possession of securities compound these finding problems. The finding pro blems in UK are perhaps greater than in other countries as a result of the greater amount of secondary trading that mirrors UK market. In all possibility there is a potentially massive dirty amount of insider dealing since new technologies and global markets enlarge the insider dealing abuse scope (Gilligan, 1999). The CFA institute promotes the method for solving of using non-public materials in legitimate way, which is mosaic theory. Definition of the mosaic theory, which was mention in the standard II A., is an analyst method to assemble and interpret information about a corporation from many sources. Mosaic theory may was regarded for analytical significant conclusions from public material and non-public material information. For example, a firm so as to determine the underlying firm’s securities value and provides recommendations to customers or investors on the basis of that information. In CFA magazine March-April 2011, Kurt Schacht, CFA, who is managing director of Standards and Financial Market Integrity Division of CFA Institute, was mention about Defense of Legitimate Research, which is about research method, using expert networks and respected in mosaic theory were attacked by insider dealing. In US, federal agents have started charging players in financial market, who are firm insiders, investment fund managers and executive directors, for research firms, which were called â€Å"expert networks†. The expert networks available investors to enter in inside information in exchange for a charge. Some case of research firms were charged for obtain benefit and other non-public materials straight from publicly traded firm employees. Allegation of the cases was approached by federal government, the firm employees, who create the specialists network, were more ways for sample of insider information. From all indications, the wave of insider dealing cases is the starting of more expanding round of insider dealing probes. Media reporting has watched to overstate the circumstance to the detection of casting doubt on the model of expert network and anyone who exercise the service. Furthermore, many still have question, if the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or other regulators define insider trading again, possibly to comprise a number of legitimate and research methods employed by firm analysts. The allegation has argued that someone who was basically employing standard primary research methods and approaching the mosaic theory in at least one of the cases. The effect has been analysis of this well-established exercise. The reporting has confused the businesses, prompting many lawful analysts and investors to query the exercise of research networks and other completely exercises for horror of reaching caught up in the detection. Regarded from CFA’s analysis, some cases did not about legitimate the mosaic approach using and occur to be clear insider dealing examples. CFA has supported the techniques of thorough, hard working, and honest research. The most great analysts can show their distinction in many ways, including the talent to transcend the significant point and search for disappear fact and situation the boost the investment. Ethical analysts have adequate opportunities to discriminate themselves exclude intentionally getting nonpublic information from someone who should not share this information. For analysts, hedge fund managers and network experts who violate the rule, will attempt to defend their behavior. They might try to justify their violation of using inside materials by regarding the mosaic theory, however illegitimate effort should not reduce appropriateness of the mosaic theory when practical correctly. Significantly, as an institute committed to supporting the greatest ethical con duct standards, CFA strongly sustain the attempts of federal investors and SEC to control insider dealing. Since the investigation continues to improve, CFA will be closely detecting any activities attack on legitimate research. Moreover, CFA have extended to SEC for further explanation and guarantee that the process of legitimate research is not threaten. Furthermore, CFA has developed a task force, including other business experts and CFA charter holders to evaluate any activities resulting from regulatory probe. Overall, the insider dealing seem to the serious problem which was concerned and attempt to solve long time ago, but this problem still appear now, because the problem is difficult to detect the behavior. Both in UK and CFA have considered the problem and try to develop their regulations and standards, including forcing someone who is violate the regulations and standards. The major factors of difficulty enforcement are detection, jurisdiction, difficulty of proof, limited enforcement resources and ambivalence about censure and general issues of legitimacy. The method for solving of using non-public materials in legitimate way, which is mosaic theory, was promoted by CFA Institute. This theory also has threat from someone, who use insider information, try to justify their behavior. However, Illegitimate effort should not reduce appropriateness of the mosaic theory when practical correctly. In addition, CFA has developed a task force, including other business. Bibliography CFA Institute. (2010) Material Nonpublic Information. In: Standard II Integrity of Capital Markets. Ethical and Professional Standards and Quantitative Methods, Person, pp.36-45 Cole, M. (2007) Insider Dealing in the City. Available: http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pages/Library/Communication/Speeches/2007/0317_mc.shtml [Accessed 9 April 2011] Ferguson, R. B. and Page, A. C. (1992) Enforcement. Investor Protection London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, pp. 106-120 FSA (2011) Market Abuse. In: The Code of Market Conduct. FSA Hand Book. Available: http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/hb-releases/rel111/rel111mar.pdf [Accessed 5 April 2011] Gilligan, G. P. (1999) The Enforcement of UK Insider Dealing Regulation. In: Regulating Insider Dealing. Regulating the Financial Services Sector, pp.183-191 Gilligan, G. P. (1999) The Need for Continuing Review of Financial Services Regulation. In: White Collar Crime and Financial Services Regulation. Regulating the Financial Services Sector, pp.21-36 Schacht, K. (2011) In Defense of Legitimate Research. CFA Magazine, March-April, pp.21 Briefly describe the laws of the UK and the ethical rules of the CFA and their effectiveness in ‘keeping the markets clean’. Profits are cause of violated rule of investment, so the markets have many problems which lead to the market abuse. This essay is about the significant problem that is insider dealing, lead to unfair trading. This problem spreads to the worldwide. Moreover, this essay focus in why insider dealing is wrong, history of insider dealing, CFA standard, process and development for solving the insider dealing in UK, mosaic theory and defense of legitimate research. To begin with definition of insider dealing, following from FSA Handbook 2006, is behaviors of someone who attempts to trade in related investment base on inside information or nonpublic information. The reasons of why insider dealing is wrong, firstly, insider dealing can prejudice the efficiency of the markets, for example it reduces liquidity of the markets and Raise cost of capital. The stock prices should reflect from all available information and hence provide trustworthy signals on based of investment decisions, if a stock market is efficiency. Moreover, the insider dealing endangers the fair market development and organized markets, so it demoralize confidence of investors. It can menace to damage confidence by decline investors’ beliefs for the fairing market, affect them to take out their money from investment. Furthermore, the insider dealing is immoral because unfair dealing base on unequal in information access. Lastly, it is conflict to business ethics, for example, it destroys companies and their shareholders and recently, many cases in US have significantly broken the fiduciary duty by employees using inside information which belongs to a company. Move to the historical of insider dealing, at the end of World War II, stocks buying and selling in a firm base on information only known in the firm or its directors. This behavior is widespread and legitimate. It was considered wrong for individual benefits for the expense of the main shareholders in a firm between the end of World War II and late decade1950. Although, between the decade 1960 and early decade 1979, the exercise became widespread and often using knowledge for take over. In 1973, the Sunday Times was describing the insider dealing as the â€Å"crime of being something in the City†. A joint statement for criminal sanctions was released by the Takeover Panel and the Stock Exchange in 1973. After that, a number of legislation was passed through Parliament, but it was aborted. The sections 69-73, Part V of the Companies Act 1980 was released for force insider dealing as a criminal offence on 23 June 1980.So the historical of insider dealing shown the insider deali ng was concerned long time ago but it quit difficult and take a long time to release the regulations or laws for force and punishment, because the insider dealing is difficult to define. This behavior should concern by ethic of investor (Cole, 2007). The most important institute of investment which is Chartered Financial Analyst Institute (CFA) also concern about the insider dealing. CFA was issuing Standards of Professional Conduct. The insider dealing was mention in term of material nonpublic information in Standard II (Integrity of Capital Market). In the standard II A. said â€Å"Members and candidate who possess material nonpublic information that could affect the value of an investment must not act or cause others to act on the information†. CFA present reason of acting on nonpublic information wrong because capital markets, institutions and investment professionals was eroded confident because the idea from special access and inside information able to get unfair advantage from investors or organizations who use public information for investment. In UK, the financial regulatory system is self regulation. The self-regulatory arrangements have not been adequate. It was pressured from global factors more than domestic factors. The global factors are significantly changing company law and financial regulations (Gilligan, 1999). The problem of punishable lead to poor market, because the regulations was issued by only authorized persons and key employees in some cases. Hence, the Finance Services and Market Act 2000 (FSMA) presented the chance to create a single regulator, renovate and consolidate the law of UK financial services and right of enhanced regulatory powers for the regulator. So, FSMA provide the FSA to make rule with wide range. Moreover, the FSA also has ability for investigatory and enforcement powers, including the capability to act for avoid market abuse and accuse offenders who are dealing with insider materials. In July 2005, the Market Abuse Directive (MAD) came into largely force. The MAD provisions and the market abuse regime were similar. Nearly five years ago, the Market Conduct in Code of FSA was published in original. In detail, the standards should be examined by everyone who involves in the significant part of UK’s financial markets such as someone who are trading in The UK, including from overseas. The standards are clear in particular, so it is expected to see through descriptions for defining and definition for example, what is and what is not market abuse. The Code gives obviousness for users who involve in financial markets. Furthermore, it brings everyone know about between trading on UK markets, what standards able to be expected. The FSA is not a regulator for enforcement. Otherwise, its purposes to retain clean the markets and discourage abuse through combine enforcement action and prevent measurements. Therefore, improvement of the FSA’s securities transactions checking system lead to heavy investment. The FSA will improve their ability to detect track market abuse (Cole, 2007). The major difficult for enforcing insider dealing regulation in UK are detection, jurisdiction, difficulty of proof, limited enforcement resources such as high cost of prosecution, and ambivalence about censure and general issues of legitimacy. Sometime, insider dealing can be comparatively easy to identify in financial market in some cases. Especially, if there are radical an abnormal fluctuations in the stock value, which are pursued shortly later by publication of take-over or similar scheme. On the other hand, the identification for defining someone who use inside information, is the most difficult for practical enforcement. These problems are aggravated in the market which functions due to increasingly unidentified, global and complicated markets and so precise measurement of the situation of insider dealing is almost impossible. The distorted nature of information from inside and widespread use of useful possession of securities compound these finding problems. The finding pro blems in UK are perhaps greater than in other countries as a result of the greater amount of secondary trading that mirrors UK market. In all possibility there is a potentially massive dirty amount of insider dealing since new technologies and global markets enlarge the insider dealing abuse scope (Gilligan, 1999). The CFA institute promotes the method for solving of using non-public materials in legitimate way, which is mosaic theory. Definition of the mosaic theory, which was mention in the standard II A., is an analyst method to assemble and interpret information about a corporation from many sources. Mosaic theory may was regarded for analytical significant conclusions from public material and non-public material information. For example, a firm so as to determine the underlying firm’s securities value and provides recommendations to customers or investors on the basis of that information. In CFA magazine March-April 2011, Kurt Schacht, CFA, who is managing director of Standards and Financial Market Integrity Division of CFA Institute, was mention about Defense of Legitimate Research, which is about research method, using expert networks and respected in mosaic theory were attacked by insider dealing. In US, federal agents have started charging players in financial market, who are firm insiders, investment fund managers and executive directors, for research firms, which were called â€Å"expert networks†. The expert networks available investors to enter in inside information in exchange for a charge. Some case of research firms were charged for obtain benefit and other non-public materials straight from publicly traded firm employees. Allegation of the cases was approached by federal government, the firm employees, who create the specialists network, were more ways for sample of insider information. From all indications, the wave of insider dealing cases is the starting of more expanding round of insider dealing probes. Media reporting has watched to overstate the circumstance to the detection of casting doubt on the model of expert network and anyone who exercise the service. Furthermore, many still have question, if the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or other regulators define insider trading again, possibly to comprise a number of legitimate and research methods employed by firm analysts. The allegation has argued that someone who was basically employing standard primary research methods and approaching the mosaic theory in at least one of the cases. The effect has been analysis of this well-established exercise. The reporting has confused the businesses, prompting many lawful analysts and investors to query the exercise of research networks and other completely exercises for horror of reaching caught up in the detection. Regarded from CFA’s analysis, some cases did not about legitimate the mosaic approach using and occur to be clear insider dealing examples. CFA has supported the techniques of thorough, hard working, and honest research. The most great analysts can show their distinction in many ways, including the talent to transcend the significant point and search for disappear fact and situation the boost the investment. Ethical analysts have adequate opportunities to discriminate themselves exclude intentionally getting nonpublic information from someone who should not share this information. For analysts, hedge fund managers and network experts who violate the rule, will attempt to defend their behavior. They might try to justify their violation of using inside materials by regarding the mosaic theory, however illegitimate effort should not reduce appropriateness of the mosaic theory when practical correctly. Significantly, as an institute committed to supporting the greatest ethical con duct standards, CFA strongly sustain the attempts of federal investors and SEC to control insider dealing. Since the investigation continues to improve, CFA will be closely detecting any activities attack on legitimate research. Moreover, CFA have extended to SEC for further explanation and guarantee that the process of legitimate research is not threaten. Furthermore, CFA has developed a task force, including other business experts and CFA charter holders to evaluate any activities resulting from regulatory probe. Overall, the insider dealing seem to the serious problem which was concerned and attempt to solve long time ago, but this problem still appear now, because the problem is difficult to detect the behavior. Both in UK and CFA have considered the problem and try to develop their regulations and standards, including forcing someone who is violate the regulations and standards. The major factors of difficulty enforcement are detection, jurisdiction, difficulty of proof, limited enforcement resources and ambivalence about censure and general issues of legitimacy. The method for solving of using non-public materials in legitimate way, which is mosaic theory, was promoted by CFA Institute. This theory also has threat from someone, who use insider information, try to justify their behavior. However, Illegitimate effort should not reduce appropriateness of the mosaic theory when practical correctly. In addition, CFA has developed a task force, including other business. Bibliography CFA Institute. (2010) Material Nonpublic Information. In: Standard II Integrity of Capital Markets. Ethical and Professional Standards and Quantitative Methods, Person, pp.36-45 Cole, M. (2007) Insider Dealing in the City. Available: http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pages/Library/Communication/Speeches/2007/0317_mc.shtml [Accessed 9 April 2011] Ferguson, R. B. and Page, A. C. (1992) Enforcement. Investor Protection London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, pp. 106-120 FSA (2011) Market Abuse. In: The Code of Market Conduct. FSA Hand Book. Available: http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/hb-releases/rel111/rel111mar.pdf [Accessed 5 April 2011] Gilligan, G. P. (1999) The Enforcement of UK Insider Dealing Regulation. In: Regulating Insider Dealing. Regulating the Financial Services Sector, pp.183-191 Gilligan, G. P. (1999) The Need for Continuing Review of Financial Services Regulation. In: White Collar Crime and Financial Services Regulation. Regulating the Financial Services Sector, pp.21-36 Schacht, K. (2011) In Defense of Legitimate Research. CFA Magazine, March-April, pp.21

Evaluate the Financial Performance of US Financial Services Company to Essay

Evaluate the Financial Performance of US Financial Services Company to determine if they are able to invest in India - Essay Example To determine whether USFSC can invest in India one must analyze the recent financial performance of the company. The net income of USFSC in 2011 was $3.76 billion. The companys net income increased by 339% in comparison with the previous year. The company believes in giving back to its shareholders. In 2011 USFSC declared dividends of $665 million. The total assets of the company are $197.7 billion. In comparison with the previous year the total assets of USFSC have increased by 158%. The total loans and leases of the company amount to $138.9 billion. This total represents an increase of 205% in comparison with 2010. The debt to equity ratio of USFSC in 2011 was 1.12. This financial metric measures the amount of assets being provided by creditors for each dollar of assets being provided by stockholders (Garrison & Noreen, 2003). A ratio that calculates how leveraged the company is is the debt ratio. USFSC has a debt ratio of 0.53. Its debt ratio is relatively low which is favorable. Based on the analysis performed the company shows a lot of good signs. The profitability of the company has grow n over the past year due in part to its 205% growth on loans. USFSC has also grown its total assets. The company is in sound financial condition to support an expansion strategy, thus investing in India is

Dyspraxia In Early Years Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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English Literature - Essay Example It is plausible to assert that the main characters’ motivation for viewing in another entity, possibly the best or desired versions of themselves is a consequence of their unremarkable and rather ordinary lives which perhaps do not offer a sense of fulfillment or satisfaction thereby, leaving behind a yearning and longing for wanting more. Accordingly, it is evident that the characters’ psyche is characterized by the presence of doubt, uncertainty and a yet again that sense of discontentedness which is prompted by the onset of anxiety which translates into the emergence of psychological splits. Regardless of the protagonists’ intentions behind their alternative portrayals of the self and their respective identities it can be established that the existence of split identities for a single individual in this case The Narrator and Afonso is also fundamental to the boosting of their self-worth, for perhaps all their lives have been marked by inadequacy and unrequited personal and professional relationships where their mothers, fathers, girlfriends and bosses have been absent in the association or never thought too highly of the protagonists’ or their capabilities to maintain the relationship and let it thrive. However, the question arises that whose approval is more significant for maintaining and advancing the characters’ sense of self-worth? What binds the members of the fictional Fight Club in Palahniuk’s work is a sense of resentment, dissatisfaction and rage which is channeled negatively through activities of vandalism and destruction. However, these are only the personal traits and characteristics that are comparable between each and every member of the alliance. Another aspect of the main characters’ early life which is similar and therefore, reinforces the notion of The Narrator and Tyler Durden – the co-founder of Fight Club being the same person is that of their mutually shared contempt for their fathers. The

Organizational Research and Theory Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organizational and Theory - Research Paper Example Organisations need a combination of some of these resources. If they do not need any other resource at all, human resources cannot be done without. In using various resources, they must be careful so that they use only resources that are of benefit to the organisation. They must also know when some resources are useful and when they are not. Of course, it must be noted that there may be situations in which one has to modify certain resources in ways that will suite one’s organisation. Above all, organisation must always remember that their goals, policies and programmes are important in the determination of how resources are structured. The success of whatever strategy an organisation adopts largely depends on the types of resources available, how profit is maximised and how losses and new resources are managed. As with many things in life, there are resources that are good for some organisation and there are those that are not so good for them. In determining what category re sources belongs to, both the leadership and the management have important roles to play. They must also be able to recognise the impacts have or are likely to have in the advancement of the set goals of the organisation. If perhaps the resources are not performing as expected, they must be able to work out ways in which these resources can be optimally useful. This is because the organisation’s success in the competitive market place strongly depends on the performance of resources. Nature of Organizations and Environment In any organisation, there must be members who of course are human beings. This is exactly what the above quote indicates. The nature of organisations has a lot to do with the nature of human beings in them. The human resources as well as the natural resources found in any organisation have to be modelled into the form that favours the organisation. Humans, as we have been created, are unique. In a similar way, an organisation is unique. This certainly means that it would be almost impossible to come across two organisations that are exactly the same in all respects. In the same light, the environment is often unique, however, it may it may not be as unique as the organisation itself. Whatever the case may be, it must be underscored that the approach adopted by different organisations are largely different, even if the circumstances and environment are quite similar. It must be understood that in any organisation, there are variety of groups ( just as there could be a variety of environments). The groups and the environments are of different kinds, while some are loose, others are unstructured and temporary. Yet they all have a purpose because that is the reason they were set up in the first place. One of the basic unchanging rules of organisational behaviour is that the structure (as well as the environment) determines how members of the organisation relate. Four Stages of Organizational

User model and modeling for human performance Essay

User model and modeling for human performance - Essay Example y arise due to incorrect assumptions made by students as well as improper presentation of stimuli, while Marjory Martin points out that students face difficulties in science and especially biology, because they represent abstract ideas which escape the students’ understanding (www.2ucsc.edu). Misconceptions occur in various areas but their detrimental effects are felt most acutely in the academic field, because it interferes with the progress that students are able in the development of cognitive skills and learning. Misconceptions that occur in the field of academic studies make it difficult for students to effectively assimilate their lessons and perform well, because these misconceptions function as a barrier that impedes the cognitive assimilation and understanding of concepts. The National Curriculum Council for Great Britain has pointed out some common student misconceptions in Algebra, such as treating letters as objects or completely ignoring their presence (www.learnquebec.ca). Misconceptions in the field of science occur mainly because of the difficulties students face in understanding everyday phenomena through abstract or symbolic representations. In biology, misconceptions occur because students are unable to grasp the concepts which they find to be too theoretical and abstract, especially in regard to concepts such as natural selection and evolution.(Burton and Dobson, 2009). According to Joan Solomon, students may also find it difficult to assimilate concepts because they may be associated with every day use, for example the word energy, and using concepts in science requires the interpretation of everyday phenomena in abstract terms, which may also involve the use of symbols to explain commonplace events(www.2ucsc.edu). In effect, there is some contextual learning that may have already taken place before a student attends classes and it becomes necessary to ensure that the student is able to learn how to learn through the use of concept

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Summary - Assignment Example being a platform of sharing both, professional and personal information, has become a place to reunite with old friends, keeping in touch with current ones and keeping track of the updates in lives of friends and family. Not only that, but it has also helped people to get in touch with relatives who were somehow separated in emergency circumstances. Facebook is also helping in social causes, which is evident from the fact that 12 million Facebook users marched around the globe against the FARC rebels in Colombia. With changing times and growth of the company, the founder Mr. Zuckerberg has adopted a more professional image and has become media savvy, aiming at having every person in the world on Facebook one day. However, with recent changes in the interface design of the site, some members are disappointed. Facebook homepage now displays more information and recent updates from the friends. It has also introduced terms which give them control over the content. This has irritated members and hence, 2 and half million members have joined the group called â€Å"Millions against Facebook’s New Layout and Terms of Services† on Facebook. However, the Facebook officials say that the terms are necessary to protect themselves from lawsuits from users if they later regret the sharing of personal information. The Facebook officials are confident that Facebook users will get used to new changes as after all, it is a social communication and bonding site. The bonding has become so strong, that despite of not liking the changes, the users are still glued to

Legal Case Briefs x 3 ( Terry v. Ohio, Katz v. United States, Essay

Legal Case Briefs x 3 ( Terry v. Ohio, Katz v. United States, Tennessee v Garner) - Essay Example The three men were incoherent in their response. That prompted the detective to accost Terry, turn him around and discovered a pistol which he was not able to seize at the moment. He then made the three men to enter the store hands raised, and then frisked Chilton and Kartz. The detective recovered a .38 calibre revolver from the pocket of Chilton’s overcoat on the outside. He did not search the outer clothing of Kartz because he did not suspect him to be armed when he lightly frisked him. The detective as a result of discovery of the weapons arrested the three and charged Terry and Chilton with carrying concealed weapons under Ohio laws and rules. Procedural history Trial court- passed verdict of guilty and convicted. Court of appeal – affirmed conviction. Supreme court- upheld affirmation of appellate court. Issue Admissibility of evidence obtained from suspects without warrants under the fourth amendment if the hunt was restrained /limited and reasonable grounds to s uspect danger depending on the prevailing circumstances before actual proof is obtained. Holding It was proper to stop and frisk the suspects if the police had reasonable grounds of suspicion and it was not contrary to the fourth amendment of unreasonable searches and seizures and that the rule was applicable both privately and in public places. Reasoning Brinegar v. United States 338 U.S. 160 (1949) In as much as probable cause standards are meant to guard citizens against unlawful interference by law enforcement officers, they are also meant to aid law enforcement. A balance has to be struck between allowing the officers too much discretion and what is reasonably practicable under the prevailing circumstances. Application Even though the law provides protection for individuals and guards privacy under the fourth amendment, it must be understood that circumstances arise where it is reasonably practicable to allow personal intrusion for effective law enforcement. The standards of pr obable cause must be regarded in determination of whether arrests without warrants are constitutional or not. Conclusion Activities by law enforcement officers that may seem to be a infringement of the Fourth Amendment in relation to searches and seizures depends on the prevailing circumstances under which the events occur and the reasonableness of actions taken by the law enforcement officers. In order to enhance community protection, law enforcement officers must be allowed certain powers but only which are necessary and not excessive. 2. CASE TITLE: Tennessee v Garner CITATION: 471 U.S.1 (1985) Facts Two Memphis police officers, Wright and Hymon responded to a call October 3, 1974 at a quarter to 11 pm. On arrival at the scene, a woman gestured at the next house and explained to them that she had heard the sound of breaking glass and that it was probably a house break in the neighbour’s house. Hymon positioned himself behind the house as Wright confirmed their presence at the scene to the dispatch scene by radio call. Hyman first heard the sound of a slamming door and saw the suspect fleeing across the backyard. The suspect made a stop at a 6-feet- tall chain link fence. Hyman by the aid of a flashlight could see the suspect and reasonably concluded that he was unarmed, about 17/18 years old and about 5’5’’ or 5’7’’ tall. Hyman called on him to stop but he proceeded to scale the fence.

Fundamentals of Geography Essay Example for Free

Fundamentals of Geography Essay In geology, a rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. For example, the common rock, granite, is a combination of the quartz, feldspar and biotite minerals. The Earths outer solid layer, the lithosphere, is made of rock. Rocks have been used by mankind throughout history. From the Stone Age rocks have been used for tools. The minerals and metals we find in rocks have been essential to human civilization. [1] Three major groups of rocks are defined: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. The scientific study of rocks is called petrology, which is an essential component of geology. At a granular level, rocks are composed of grains of minerals, which, in turn, are homogeneous solids formed from a chemical compound that is arranged in an orderly manner. The aggregate minerals forming the rock are held together by chemical bonds. The types and abundance of minerals in a rock are determined by the manner in which the rock was formed. Many rocks contain silica (SiO2); a compound of silicon and oxygen that forms 74. 3% of the Earths crust. This material forms crystals with other compounds in the rock. The proportion of silica in rocks and minerals is a major factor in determining their name and properties. [2] Rocks are geologically classified according to characteristics such as mineral and chemical composition, permeability, the texture of the constituent particles, and particle size. These physical properties are the end result of the processes that formed the rocks. [3] Over the course of time, rocks can transform from one type into another, as described by the geological model called the rock cycle. These events produce three general classes of rock:igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. The three classes of rocks are subdivided into many groups. However, there are no hard and fast boundaries between allied rocks. By increase or decrease in the proportions of their constituent minerals they pass by every gradation into one another, the distinctive structures also of one kind of rock may often be traced gradually merging into those of another. Hence the definitions adopted in establishing rock nomenclature merely correspond to more or less arbitrary selected points in a continuously graduated series. 4] Igneous Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word igneus meaning of fire, from ignis meaning fire) forms through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. This magma can be derived from partial melts of pre-existing rocks in either a planets mantle or crust. Typically, the melting of rocks is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition. Igneous rocks are divided into two main categories: plutonic rock and volcanic. Plutonic or intrusive rocks result when magma cools and crystallizesslowly within the Earths crust. A common example of this type is granite. Volcanic or extrusive rocks result from magma reaching the surface either aslava or fragmental ejecta, forming minerals such as pumice or basalt. [3] The chemical abundance and the rate of cooling of magma typically forms a sequence known as Bowens reaction series, after the Canadian petrologist Norman L. Bowen. Most major igneous rocks are found along this scale. [2] About 64. 7% of the Earths crust by volume consists of igneous rocks; making it the most plentiful category. Of these, 66% are basalts and gabbros, 16% are granite, and 17% granodiorites and diorites. Only 0. 6% are syenites and 0. 3% peridotites and dunites. The oceanic crust is 99% basalt, which is an igneous rock of mafic composition. Granites and similar rocks, known as meta-granitoids, form much of the continental crust. [5] Over 700 types of igneous rocks have been described, most of them having formed beneath the surface of Earths crust. These have diverse properties, depending on their composition and how they were formed. Sedimentary Sedimentary rocks are formed by sedimentation of particles at or near the Earths surface and within bodies of water. This process causes clasticsediments or organic particles (detritus) to settle and accumulate, or for minerals to chemically precipitate (evaporite) from a solution. The particulate matter then undergoes compaction and cementation during diagenesis. Before being deposited, sediment was formed by weathering and erosion in a source area, and then transported to the place of deposition by water,wind, ice, mass movement or glaciers which are called agents of denudation. Mud rocks comprise 65% (mudstone, shale and siltstone); sandstones 20 to 25% and carbonate rocks 10 o 15% (limestone and dolostone). [3] About 7. 9% of the crust by volume is composed of sedimentary rocks, with 82% of those being shales, while the remainder consist of limestone (6%), sandstone and arkoses (12%). [5] Metamorphic Metamorphic rocks are formed by subjecting any rock type—sedimentary rock, igneous rock or another older metamorphic rock—to differenttemperature and pressure conditions than those in which the original rock was formed. This process is called metamorphism; meaning to change in form. The result is a profound change in physical properties and chemistry of the stone. The original rock, known as the protolith, transforms into other mineral types or else into other forms of the same minerals, such as by recrystallization. [3] The temperatures and pressures required for this process are always higher than those found at the Earths surface: temperatures greater than 150 to 200  °C and pressures of 1500 bars. [6] Metamorphic rocks compose 27. 4% of the crust by volume. [5] The three major classes of metamorphic rock are based upon the formation mechanism. An intrusion of magma that heats the surrounding rock causes contact metamorphism—a temperature-dominated transformation. Pressure metamorphism occurs when sediments are buried deep under the ground; pressure is dominant and temperature plays a smaller role. This is termed burial metamorphism, and it can result in rocks such as jade. Where both heat and pressure play a role, the mechanism is termed regional metamorphism. This is typically found in mountain-building regions. [2] Depending on the structure, metamorphic rocks are divided into two general categories. Those that possess a texture are referred to as foliated; the remainder are termed non-foliated. The name of the rock is then determined based on the types of minerals present. Schists are foliated rocks that are primarily composed of lamellar minerals such as micas. A gneiss has visible bands of differing lightness, with a common example being the granite gneiss. Other varieties of foliated rock include slates, phyllites, and mylonite. Familiar examples of non-foliated metamorphic rocks include marble,soapstone, and serpentine. This branch contains quartzite—a metamorphosed form of sandstone—and hornfels. [2] In geography maps are one of the most important tools researchers, cartographers, students and others can use to examine the entire Earth or a specific part of it. Simply defined maps are pictures of the Earths surface. They can be general reference and show landforms, political boundaries, water, the locations of cities, or in the case of thematic maps, show different but very specific topics such as the average rainfall distribution for an area or the distribution of a certain disease throughout a county. Today with the increased use of GIS, also known as Geographic Information Systems, thematic maps are growing in importance. There are however applications for different types of general reference maps when the different types are understood correctly. These maps do not just show a citys location for example; instead the different map types can show a plethora of information about places around the world. The following is a list of each major map type used by geographers and a description of what they are and an example of each kind. †¢ Political Map: A political map does not show any topographic features. It instead focuses solely on the state and national boundaries of a place. They also include the locations of cities both large and small, depending on the detail of the map. A common type of political map would be one showing the 50 U.  S. states and their borders along with the United States north and south international borders (map of the United States). †¢ Physical Map: A physical map is one that shows the physical landscape features of a place. They generally show things like mountains, rivers and lakes and water is always shown with blue. Mountains and elevation changes are usually shown with different colors and shades to show relief. Normally on physical maps green shows lower elevations while browns show high elevations. An example of a physical map is one showing the state of Hawaii (map of Hawaii). Low elevation coastal regions are shown in dark green, while the higher elevations transition from orange to dark brown. Rivers are shown in blue. †¢ Topographic Map: A topographic map is similar to a physical map in that it shows different physical landscape features. They are different however because they use contour lines instead of colors to show changes in the landscape. Contour lines on topographic maps are normally spaced at regular intervals to show elevation changes (e. g. each line represents a 100 foot (30 m) elevation change) and when lines are close together the terrain is steep. For example a topographic map showing the Big Island of Hawaii would have contour lines that are close together near the steep, high elevation mountains of Mauna Loa and Kilauea (map of the Big Island). By contrast, the low elevation, flat coastal areas show contour lines that are spread apart. †¢ Climate Map: A climate map shows information about the climate of an area. They can show things like the specific climatic zones of an area based on the temperature, the amount of snow an area receives or average number of cloudy days. These maps normally use colors to show different climatic areas. A climate map for Australia for example uses colors to show differences between the temperate area of Victoria and desert region in the center of the continent. †¢ Economic or Resource Map: An economic or resource map shows the specific type of economic activity or natural resources present in an area through the use of different symbols or colors depending on what is being shown on the map. For example an economic activity map for Brazil can use colors to show different agricultural products of given areas, letters for natural resources and symbols for different industries (image showing a map of Brazil). Road Map: A road map is one of the most widely used map types. These maps show major and minor highways and roads (depending on detail) as well as things like airports, city locations and points of interest like parks, campgrounds and monuments. Major highways on a road map are generally red and larger than other roads, while minor roads are a lighter color and a narrower line. A road map of San Francisco, California for example would show the major highways as a wide red line and other large roads as a lighter red with minor streets as gray (map of San Francisco). Thematic Map: A thematic map is a map that focuses on a particular theme or special topic and they are different from the six aforementioned general reference maps because they do not just show natural features like rivers, cities, political subdivisions, elevation and highways. If these items are on a thematic map, they are background information and are used as reference points to enhance the maps theme. An example of a thematic map would be one showing the population change of Cana da in specific locations from 1996 to 2001. The map shows the theme it is attempting to get across to its audience and uses a political map (e. g. one showing the provincial and territorial borders of Canada) to give it more of a reference. What Is the Difference Between Weather and Climate? It’s a sweltering midsummer day. â€Å"It must be global warming,† mutters someone. But is it the Earth’s changing climate that has made the day so warm? Or, is it just the weather that is so unbearable? Weather is the mix of events that happen each day in our atmosphere including temperature, rainfall and humidity. Weather is not the same everywhere. Perhaps it is hot, dry and sunny today where you live, but in other parts of the world it is cloudy, raining or even snowing. Everyday, weather events are recorded and predicted by meteorologists worldwide. Climate in your place on the globe controls the weather where you live. Climate is the average weather pattern in a place over many years. So, the climate of Antarctica is quite different than the climate of a tropical island. Hot summer days are quite typical of climates in many regions of the world, even without the effects of global warming. Climates are changing because our Earth is warming, according to the research of scientists. Does this contribute to a warm summer day? It may, however global climate change is actually much more complicated than that because a change in the temperature can cause changes in other weather elements such as clouds or precipitation. Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air, and the means (together with the smaller ocean circulation) by whichthermal energy is distributed on the surface of the Earth. The large-scale structure of the atmospheric circulation varies from year to year, but the basic climatological structure remains fairly constant. Individual weather systems – mid-latitude depressions, or tropical convective cells – occur randomly, and it is accepted that weather cannot be predicted beyond a fairly short limit: perhaps a month in theory, or (currently) about ten days in practice (see Chaos theory and Butterfly effect). Nonetheless, as the climate is the average of these systems and patterns – where and when they tend to occur again and again – it is stable over longer periods of time. As a rule, the cells of Earths atmosphere shift polewards in warmer climates (e. g. nterglacials compared to glacials), but remain largely constant even due to continental drift; they are, fundamentally, a property of the Earths size, rotation rate, heating and atmospheric depth, all of which change little. Tectonic uplift can significantly alter major elements of it, however – for example the jet stream -, and plate tectonics shift ocean currents. In the extremely hot climates of the Mesozoic, i ndications of a third desert belt at the Equator has been found; it was perhaps caused by convection. But even then, the overall latitudinal pattern of Earths climate was not much different from the one today. The wind belts girdling the planet are organised into three cells: the Hadley cell, the Ferrel cell, and the Polar cell. Contrary to the impression given in the simplified diagram, the vast bulk of the vertical motion occurs in the Hadley cell; the explanations of the other two cells are complex. Note that there is one discrete Hadley cell that may split, shift and merge in a complicated process over time[citation needed]. Low and high pressures on earths surface are balanced by opposite relative pressures in the upper troposphere.

Ethics and Issues in Counseling Essay Example for Free

Ethics and Issues in Counseling Essay Question 1 a) Ethics are a list of conduct or principles drawn with the purpose of providing a guideline to what defines professional practice (Corey, 2009) while values are the basis of one’s thoughts or ideals in which decisions are generated (Manthei, 1997). Certain institutions derive their own core values to help provide a guide to â€Å"proper† behaviors. In simple terms, ethics are like â€Å"rules† within a society, culture or institution while values are like â€Å"policeman† in our mind, helping us determine between desirable and non-desirable behaviors while keeping in mind these â€Å"rules† that governs them (Dolgoff, Loewenberg Harrington, 2008). The professional code of ethics is a guide designed to determine what constitutes professionalism in which governs the institution in the best interest of the values of the profession (Corey, 2009). It not only serves as a clarification to existing and future members of the institution or association governing it, but also helps supports the mission and vision of the institution or association. Its objective is to provide guidelines to practitioners, clarify the professional stand of institutions and organizations governing these practitioners, and at the same time protecting the rights of clients (consumers) (Corey, Corey Callanan, 2003). The Professional Code of Ethics also helps to bound practitioners ethically so that they do not try to impose their own values onto others and behave as moral authorities. While the Professional Code of Ethics may be written as clear as possible and as comprehensive as possible, in reality there are person’s feelings, values, as well as emotions involved, which are absent during the compilation (Betan, 1997). The ACA Code of Ethics (2005) states â€Å"Counselors terminate a counseling relationship when it becomes reasonably apparent that the client no longer needs assistance, is not likely to benefit, or is being harmed by continued counseling.† The practitioner would be caught in a conflict when his agency deems the client fit to be discharged but he feels otherwise (Betan, 1997). Ethical guides may not be easily integrated into one of vast cultural diversity like that of Singapore as most of the Professional Code of Ethics were formulated within that of a Western context. As such, cultural, socioeconomic as well as linguistic differences may have been neglected in the process (Betan, 1997); while the code may hold autonomy of client at high regards, the cultural stand of the client may not be so. Confidentiality itself also poses a great arguing standpoint especially in a multicultural context whereby there are traditions as well as cultural rules to adhere to (Welfel, 2012). Another important point to not neglect while considering the limitations of the Professional Code of Ethics is its congruency towards the local state laws (Betan, 1997). For instance, one state regulation for consumption of alcohol may differ that from another. In putting ethics into consideration, practitioners should also be aware of their own local state laws. b) Two values that I value as important in life are honesty and being just, ie to try my best to make sure I give or receive equal treatments. Being a straightforward person, I believe in being honest at all times and to take responsibility for your own actions. I believe in giving others a benefit of doubt, unless I have concrete evidence that he/she is telling a lie. I uphold the value of equality; to treat others the way you would like to be treated. Thus, I try my very best not to be bias and constantly remind myself to stay in a neutral stand when others are involved. Because I believe strongly in always giving others the benefit of doubt, I would not doubt on the credibility of my clients’ words even though they might sound absurd. By doing so, it gains trust from clients and help in rapport building with clients. On the flip side, if the client is not a willing client, he might manipulate the trust I have and may try to lie and mislead me. Due to my eagerness to be non-bias and be fair and just as much as I can, I may end up trying to argue and inevitably try to prove myself when some clients at times show biasness towards me due to my experience and age. This  could hinder my work with them as I might try to convince them that they are being bias and indirectly in one way or another, try to argue or indirectly try hard to prove myself. This may come across to some as being argumentative, especially when I always have something to retort back whenever they say something negative, thus spoiling the therapeutic relationship. Of course, being non-bias is important in the counseling relationship as it helps one to not be judgmental and to always maintain a partial perspective. Question 2 The 6 moral principles forming the basis of functioning at the highest level of ethical profession as summarized by Corey et al. (2003, p.16) are autonomy, veracity, justice, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and fidelity. Autonomy refers to the rights or freedom to decide and make independent decisions or choices in one’s own accord within a social and cultural context. Thus, the respect for such autonomy brings about an acceptance that others have a right to choose and act in accordance to his own wishes, unless they hinder the rights of others (Altmaier Hansen, 2011); practitioners aim at encouraging independence in client and discourage client’s dependency on him. Veracity or truthfulness refers to the practitioner being obliged to be truthful with his clients (Corey et al., 2003). The guideline in the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct of the American Psychological Association (2002) states, â€Å"Psychologists do not make false, deceptive, or fraudulent statements†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (para. 5.01b) since trust is very important in building up a good therapeutic relationship with clients. Justice means to be fair by providing equal treatment to all regardless of culture, religion, race, gender, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, disability or age, as they are entitled to equal access and treatment (Corey et al, 2003). To be nonmaleficence means to not cause harm, including actions that might pose a risk to harm another (Altmaier Hansen, 2011). Practitioners are responsible for their clients to ensure that their risks for exploitation or might result in potential harm are brought down to a minimal (Corey et al, 2003). Beneficence refers to promoting the good and the wellbeing of clients and of others, to help clients grow and develop in their cultural context as well as doing good in their social context (Corey et al, 2003). In short, practitioners are responsible towards contributing to the welfare and growth of another being (Altmaier Hansen, 2011). Lastly but not least, fidelity means to be truthful in making honest and realistic commitments and honoring these commitments (Corey et al, 2003). It is very important to build a trusting relationship between the practitioners and the people whom they work with and thus practitioners are responsible to make sure they honor fidelity at least on their end (Altmairt Hansen, 2011). Question 3 a) The 8 essential personal attributes of an effective counselor are emotional intelligence (EQ), warmth and care, unconditional positive attitude (regard), genuineness and authenticity, patience, analytical ability, person-centered and nurturing style of communication and lastly, clear and specific communication. Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to be able to distinguish and have self-awareness of one’s own as well as others’ emotions and feelings, and to be able to use this and guide one’s behavior and thinking, hence encourages development of emotional closeness with the client (Coetzee Jacobs, 2006). Warmth and care is important in the therapeutic relationship in rapport building as it helps show client that the practitioner is genuinely concern (Coetzee Jacobs, 2006). When warmth and care is present, practitioner is more aware of client’s cognitive and  emotional needs and the relationship will be more accepting towards each other (Coetzee Jacobs, 2006). Unconditional positive attitude (regard) is important because it challenges client’s beliefs that if they do not behave in a certain way, others would not accept them. Client had to be sure that his counselor would still see him in the same way after the ‘awful truth’ is made known (Dryden, 1999). The role of genuineness simply means to be yourself; to be sincere, transparent and not putting on a false front (Palmer Milner, 2006). This role of being genuine and authentic is one that is most challenging, as it requires one to have very high level of self-awareness (Palmer Milner, 2006). It is important for counselors to have this quality due to the high level of trust needed in order to build effective therapeutic relationship with clients. Patience is an important attribute as different types of clients requires different amount of time to build the trust with practitioners and to be able to open up. While some clients do not have difficulty expressing themselves, some of them do find great difficulty in doing so and would then require much more patience and time from the counselor. Analytical ability is important in listening as it helps the counselor to be able to analyze his own emotions as well as facial expressions while listening to the client (Singh, 2007). In terms of case study, analytical ability is also important to the counselor in helping him to analyze and decipher the bulk of information being presented to him (Singh, 2007). Person-centeredness style of communication refers to the ability to communicate to accept another as a complete unique individual (Wood, 2009). That is to say, counselors do not form pre-conceptualized ideas on how the person is like and not make assumptions during the conversation with client. Nurturing communication occurs when parties involved in the conversation relate to each other in a caretaking manner; indicating to each other that the relationship is being valued (Wood, 2009). Last but not least, clear and specific communication is very important in ensuring that the counseling session is being communicated in the way that it is meant to, without allowing either parties involved to have any misunderstandings after the session. b) If I were to choose 3 attributes that I think are important for myself to undergo the necessary personal transformation, it would be patience, analytical ability and unconditional positive regard. I think that I sometimes lack patience in a counseling session and tend to unknowingly try to rush the conversation by interrupting and not giving client enough time to think about what was being said or asked. Also at times, client may need time for reflection, resulting in pauses during the conversation. While I understand the importance of having such ‘quiet moments’ in a counseling session, I tend to be impatient and would unknowingly try to say something to fill up these ‘uneasy moments of silence’. Analytical ability is something, which I feel I am lacked of. I find myself ‘lost’ in long lengthy conversations at times and unable to ‘process’ huge amounts of information shared. I tend to be more straight-forth in my facial expressions too, and I hope to be more cautious in this area, thus being able to give information being shared more thoughts instead of just deciphering it from the surface level. To be able to achieve complete unconditional positive regard in a conversation is I feel, requires that of a high cognitive level. As every single individual comes from a different background and different culture and social environment, unconditional positive regards is important if counselors want to build on having a therapeutic relationship with client. Without it, clients would not want to return for further therapies or might refrain from sharing certain important information, which could be helpful in the therapeutic process. References: American Psychological Association. (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. Washington, DC: Author. Altmaier, E.M. Hansen, J.C. (2011). The Oxford Handbook of Counseling Psychology. NY: Oxford University Press Betan, E.J.(1997). Toward a hermeneutic model of ethical decision making in clinical practice. Ethics Behaviour, 7(4), 347-365. doi: 10.1207/s15327019eb0704_6 Coetzee, M. Jacobs, H.R. (2006) Career Counselling and Guidance in the Workplace. Cape Town, South Africa: Juta and Company Corey, G. (2009). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy (8th Ed, pp. 37) CA: Cengage Learning Corey, G., Corey, M.S. Callanan, P. (2003). Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions. (6Th Ed) CA: Brooks/Cole Dryden, W. (1999) Four Approaches to Counselling and Psychotherapy. NY: Routledge Dolgoff, R., Loewenberg, F.M. Harrington, D. (2008). Ethical Decisions for Social Work Practice (8Th Ed, pp. 19-23) CA: Cengage Learning Manthei, R. (1997). Counselling: The Skills of Finding Solutions to Problems. NZ: Routledge Palmer, S. Milner, P. (2006) Integrative Stress Counselling: A Humanistic Problem-Focused Approach. GB: Sage Publications Co. Singh, K. (2007). Counselling Skills for Managers. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Wood, J.T. (2009) Interpersonal Communication: Everyday Encounters. CA: Cengage Learning Welfel, E.R. (2012). Ethics in Counseling Psychotherapy (5th Ed, pp. 150-160) CA: Cengage Learning.

Audio Transcription Technology

Audio Transcription Technology AUDIO TRANSCRIPTION The aim of this assignment is to outline key areas for Audio Transcription. Audio Transcription, in its simplest form it is the transformation of verbal and audio materials onto a text document.ÂÂ   The typist has the use of Headphones to hear the recording and uses a foot pedal to control the speed and stop/play of the audio and also rewind and fast forward.ÂÂ   The typist has to record the audio as they hear it and follow any instructions given by the speaker. There is a lot of reference material which can be used to ensure accuracy when doing audio transcription. Below is a description of some: Spell Checker:ÂÂ   This is used to check the accuracy of the spelling of an electronic document with the use of a software program that compares words in the document with a list of acceptable spellings.ÂÂ   You can also permanently put a new word into the dictionary if its not already there so spell check wont continuously show it up as incorrect spelling. Thesaurus:ÂÂ   Is a reference work that lists words grouped together according to similarity of meaning (containing synonyms and sometimes antonyms), in contract to a dictionary, which provides definitions for words, and generally lists them in alphabetical order.ÂÂ   The main purpose of such reference works is to help the user to find the word, or words, by which an idea may be most fitly and aptly expressed to quote Peter Mark Roget, architect of the best known thesaurus in the English language. Mims: MIMS or monthly Index of Medical Specialities is an independently edited publication designed as a prescribing guide for the general practitioner.ÂÂ   It is aimed at healthcare professionals, including general practitioners (GPs), pharmacists, nurses and secondary care specialists.ÂÂ   It is considered dangerous practice to refer to old editions.ÂÂ   Concise drug monographs form the core of MIMS; these include key safety information (contraindications, warnings, interactions and adverse effects) and details of the active ingredient, presentations, price, indication, dosage and manufacturer.ÂÂ   Entries are independently compiled by the MIMS editorial team based on the full Summary of Product clinical guidance.ÂÂ   The MIMS website features a predictive search function that allows users to search the drug listings by brand, generic ingredient or drug class.ÂÂ   Online versions of the comparison tables and guideline summaries are supplemented by addi tional web only resources including clinical calculators and patient fact sheets.ÂÂ   Al the content is freely available except the drug listings.ÂÂ   Registrations is free for GPs but other users much subscribe. [ii] [iii] It is very important to ensure accuracy is met at all times when doing Audio Transcription. You are dealing with sensitive information and also you run the risk of e.g. putting the wrong medicine name on a prescription or wrong information on the doctors notes which can have catastrophic results. The main screen of the Olympus Dictation Management System Software which is used for Audio Transcription is shown below: This is the changing of the Layout of the Page/document that is being used through the Page Layout on the Toolbar.ÂÂ   There are many ways to change the Layout and here is a breakdown of a few. Page Layout:To change the Orientation (direction) of the Page/Document, click on the Page Layout icon on the top left hand side of the Toolbar. From there click on Orientation with your mouse Portraitor Landscape will appear then click on the icon that is required and it will change. SPACING:To change the spacing (bigger or smaller) between each line, click into Page Layout on the top right hand corner of the toolbar. The spacing column is in the centre of the Page. The spacing can now be adjusted between each line of the wording. FONT:Changing the Font type and size by manually going into the top right hand side of your toolbar and clicking on the drop down arrow beside the Font style, scroll down the list and click on the chosen one. This can be done for both Font Type and Size.ÂÂ   The shortcut to this is to right click on the mouse and the same toolbar options pop up and the same actions can be completed. BOLD:Changing the font to bold, click on the B on the top right hand corner of the Toolbar by clicking on the B or the shortcut to it is Ctrl and B. Ensure to unclick the letter B on the Toolbar menu or re-click the shortcut Ctrl and B or it will keep writing with Bold. ITALICS:Changing the font to Italics, this can be accessed on the top right hand corner of the toolbar by clicking on the Ior the shortcut to this is Ctrl and the letter I.ÂÂ   Ensure to unclick the letter Ion the toolbar or re-click the shortcut Ctrl and I or it will keep writing in Italics. Shannon Medical Centre Memo To: Melinda McCarthy From: Yvonne Wesley Cc: Alexandra Hughes Date: January 13, 2017 Re: Andrew Williams Personal Please organise the chest x-ray for the above lady at your earliest convenience. You might copy Margaret in on the outcome. The basic business letter format is the same across a range of industries, with few variations for content and style.ÂÂ   The letter should be left-aligned, single-spaced with a one-inch margin and a standard 11-or 12-point type size.ÂÂ   The top line below the letterhead should be the correct date, followed by one line of space followed by Our Ref space and Your Ref (if relevant) and the address of the recipient.ÂÂ   Following this Urgent/For attentions of in bold (if relevant).ÂÂ   Place one line of space after the recipients address and use a simple, professional greeting and another line of space. Each following paragraph should be separated by a line. Insert one line after the last paragraph, followed by a closing. Leave four lines of space for your signature, and type your name and title.ÂÂ   It is important do either use Full Punctuation or Open Punctuation. Ennis Hospital, Ennis, Co Clare. 18 July 2017 Our Ref: VR/CR Dr Raefel Jones, St Johns Hospital, Alberton Road, Dublin 4. Re: Mrs Helen Brindsley DOB 02/10/65 2 The Maltings, Ennis, Co Clare. Dear Dr Raefel, This lady was admitted to this hospital on 29th June last for investigation of early dementia.ÂÂ   As you know she is vague and disorientated and an abnormal behaviour pattern has been noted both at work and by her family.ÂÂ   There were no abnormal signs on examination.ÂÂ   The investigations arranged showed normal Vitamin B12 metabolism but the results of thyroid function studies are meaningless in view of previous therapy with Tabs Thyroxine. The most significant finding was some cortical atrophy demonstrated by an air encephalogram.ÂÂ   The cerebrospinal fluid examined at the time of the radiological procedure showed a raised protein content of 74 mg per 100 million; there were no cells in the fluid and the sugar content was normal. I think the dementia is the pre-senile variety and I fear the condition will deteriorate.ÂÂ   I have interviewed her husband and made him aware of the prognosis but no doubt you will be seeing him to discuss the matter further and to give him all possible support. Yours sincerely, __________________________ Viictor Radetski FRCP DPM Consultant Psychiatrist It is very important to give special attention when dictating numerical figures and units of measurements.ÂÂ   A minor change in numerical values or units of measurements can harm the patient. Its important that dictated numbers are easily understood by the transcriptionist.ÂÂ   The teen numbers can be confused with ty2 numbers, as in 13/30, 14/40, 15/50, 16/60, 17/70, 18/80 and 19/90.ÂÂ   For example, when you dictate 14, say Fourteen, thats one, four, or 50, say Fifty, thats five, zero.[T1] [iv] Full stops, colons, question marks, dashes, semi colons and exclamation marks are usually dictated. The start of a new paragraph is indicated by the word paragraph. Words to be underscored are dictated and then followed by the instructions underscore; e.g., Please send me details of your personal (underscore personal) computers. Initial capitals are not usually indicated, but if there is a doubt, the following method is used: initial capital/initial capitals e.g., I have a current account with the (initial capital) National Irish Bank. The 24-hour clock is dictated as spoken; e.g., thirteen hundred hours (typed without a full stop) 1300 hours. If you are using open punctuation, there are no full stops in abbreviations.ÂÂ   Even with full punctuation, certain abbreviations do not have full stops.ÂÂ   If for some particular reason the dictator wants stops inserted, he would say, capital letters N stop U stop R stop N.U.R. Bullets are normally used when ranking and order are not important and will not be referenced later.ÂÂ   For example: Application Form Proof of address Numbering is usually used when you need to reference them.ÂÂ   For example: All applicants must provide the following documents: a) Application form b) Proof of address Item b) can be any utility bills, bank statements or letters from government agencies. And if ranking or order (e.g. steps to bake a cake) is important, then it makes sense to use numbering. You can access the Bullet/Numbering key on the Toolbar on the main screen of your Microsoft Word document as show below. [v] Tables are used to lay out information in individual columns and rows within a Word Document.ÂÂ   The point where the column intersects with the row is known as a cell.ÂÂ   To create a table first click onto the Toolbar menu at the top of the page, click on Insert. Below is an example of when at table can be used in Audio Transcription Medical Term Meaning 1 Blood Pressure (BP) The pressure of the blood in the Circulatory System 2 Complete Blood Count (CBC) A blood test used to evaluate overall health and detect any health issues 3 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible 4 Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) Blood clot in large vein 5 Fracture (FX) Complete or incomplete break in a bone resulting from the application of excessive force 6 Pulse (P) The rhythmic dilation of an artery that results from beating of the heart 7 Rebound (REB) Rebound tenderness of the abdomen when pushed in and then released. 8 Three times daily (TID) As in taking medicine three times daily 9 Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) Any number of viral or bacterial infection 10 Vital Signs are stable (VSS) From the standpoint of the temperature, blood pressure, and pulse, the patient is doing well. To create a table first click onto the Toolbar menu at the top of the page, click on Insert. Next Click on Tables. i Pull the mouse over the box and it will show up as many columns as needed, when there is enough of the box highlighted just click on the left hand side of the mouse and it will insert a table as below. Now all data can be filled into each column or row as required. Columns are used in a Word Document to change the layout of the page into sections or columns across the page.ÂÂ   This is beneficial if you want to save space on a page and fit more text in.ÂÂ   To set up the columns you go to the page Layout on the Screen and click into it. Click into columns From here select as many columns as you need. Medical Term Meaning 1 Blood Pressure (BP) The pressure of the blood in the Circulatory System 2 Complete Blood Count (CBC) A blood test used to evaluate overall health and detect any health issues 3 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible 4 Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) Blood clot in large vein 5 Fracture (FX) Complete or incomplete break in a bone resulting from the application of excessive force 6 Pulse (P) The rhythmic dilation of an artery that results from beating of the heart 7 Rebound (REB) Rebound tenderness of the abdomen when pushed in and then released. 8 Three times daily (TID) As in taking medicine three times daily 9 Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) Any number of viral or bacterial infection 10 Vital Signs are stable (VSS) From the standpoint of the temperature, blood pressure, and pulse, the patient is doing well. [vi] [i] http://www.nthdegreeservices.co.uk/audio-transcription-in-newcastle.html [ii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monthly_Index_of_Medical_Specialities [iii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesaurus [iv] https://www.2ascribe.com/articles/dictation-tips/dictating-numbers-and-dates [v] http://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/16246/in-formal-writing-when-to-use-bullets-and-when-the-numbers [vi] http://www.medicinenet.com/list_of_common_medical_abbreviations_and_terminology-page6/views.htm [T0]The spacing in this letter is too big keep example on one page [T1]This is irrelevant you are writing about the transcriptionist [T2]This is not about word processing you need to describe what tables and columns might be used for in audio transcription

Importance of Violence in Adrienne Richs Of Woman Born :: Adrienne Rich Of Woman Born Essays

The Importance of Violence in Of Woman Born In cultures as different as Sweden and the Yucatan, women have a part in the decision-making process during their deliveries. The Yucatan midwife emphasizes that 'every woman has to 'buscar la forma,' find her own way, and that it is the midwife's task to assist with whatever decision is made.' This does not mean that births are painless, but that needless pain is prevented, birth is not treated as a 'medical event,' and the woman's individual temperament and physique are trusted and respected." (p.175) Rich both begins and ends her book on the topic of violence to get our attention. Once the realization that something must change has occurred, her ideas are further developed, by implying that with some major change in the patriarchal system this violence may end, and being a mother would not be so difficult. I agree that it can be much better than this dated account of life as a mother, but as the Yucatan midwives have stated, there will still be pain. Rich would agree that woman's individual temperament and physique need to be trusted and respected, but I take it a step further and think that this particular discussion on labor should be a metaphor for the argument of this book. The description of labor and delivery above is the way in which motherhood should be approached, substituting the partner, husband, or friend for the role of the midwife. In this situation patriarchy does not need to fall, a much more attainable goal. By both beginning and ending with violence, Rich is making a statement that these atrocities can be mended or at least should be mended by her proposal of denouncing patriarchy. Not only may this not be possible, but it implies that once the balance of power has been shifted, this violence which is discussed at length could change. Although the balance of power could shift, abusive, violent, and uncaring parents, fathers or mothers, will still exist regardless of who is holding the power, thus leaving the burden of child rearing on the other parent, creating the same situation that we have today. By Rich placing such emphasis on the violence, in a backhanded way she gives hope that with her plan this violence will stop. Since Rich implies a solution to the problem, she, too, is carrying on a myth of sorts.

Art History :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sexton 1 I. Phenomenological Description and Interpretation All five of the archetypal shapes are in my self-portrait. First of all, the outside appearance is that of a square of rectangle. I feel that people who do not know me do not perceive any of the characteristics that the other shapes represent. Stability is the only characteristic represented by the shapes that people perceive of me. Inside my stable world is a circle in the middle of the bottom of the box. Within the circle is a triangle. This represents how spirituality is the center of my inner self and I find balance within my spirituality. Coming up from the center of the box is a spiral. As the spiral reaches its apex, there is an equidistant cross. This represents how I am constantly growing in order to reach a critical decision-making time of my life (what I want to do for the rest of my life). All of the Yoruba chromatics have been used in portraying my personality. But the most abundant type by far is dudu. The majority of the inside of my box are colors of brown, black, and gray. These colors show how I am very practical and down to earth. People who do not know me see me as down to earth and this does not change even when one gets to know me. The person at the bottom of the box has all three types on him. This represents how at some point in time my close friends see all the personality traits (aloof, passionate, and practical). The inside of the circle at the bottom of the box is colored orange. This shows how I am more passionate when it comes to my spirituality. The inside of the triangle is colored shades of red and blue. This shows how I am passionate, yet cool since I have found a balance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sexton 2 The color contrast of my self-portrait is very weak. There are no strong contrasts between light and dark. I am not dramatic or intense by any means. The weak contrast in colors illustrates how I have a subtle personality. The lack of pastel colors shows that I do not have a delicate personality. The line directions in my self-portrait are all horizontal and vertical. The majority of the direction is horizontal, which shows how my personality is very passive. The vertical lines show that I have a stable personality as well as the potential to be dynamic.

breaking the norm Essay -- essays research papers

Breaking the Norms  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When each of us was conceived, we did not have anything influencing our perception of the world. While we were growing up and still do this day, our surroundings influenced the way we think and the how we behave in our daily lives. We get ideas about gender roles from our parents, our teachers, television, books and even subconsciously. As part of a project to break the norms of society and push past peoples thresholds, I needed to figure out what made people feel uncomfortable. I thought for a moment and decided to tackle homophobia. I choose this topic because very few men are comfortable talking about the subject of gay men. It is my objective to better understand why men think the way we do. In order to get started I needed to brainstorm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After a little bit of deliberation, Juan and some other male classmates decided to hold hands and walk through the student union. Picture four grown men holding each others hands, walking through the middle of campus. As you can imagine, we received a lot of looks. We walked around for about five minutes as if nothing was going on. People seemed to be staring at us for a moment saying to themselves â€Å"what are they doing?† This is something that never happens in society. You hardly ever see men holding hands, much less four grown men swinging each others arms. Honestly, my first thought was that we would look so gay if we did this. Others in the group were skeptical at first to do this as well. When we walked into class, the students seem to cringe when they saw us take our seats.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After that day I decided to take my project one step farther and push past everyone’s threshold. In order to break the norms of society and truly make people uncomfortable, I decided to wear the color pink for the entire day of school. I went to the local Savers and purchased several items that were very feminine. I bought a pair of pink and yellow striped bellbottoms and a tight pink collared shirt. I wore the clothes to school in the hopes to witness the students reactions to me wearing clothes completely out of the ordinary. After attending two classes that day, I decided to talk to some friends of mine. They all told me that I looked like a â€Å"fag.† I finally had broke the norms of society and at the same time caught my friends stereot... ...ey take it in the rear!† Some of the men I asked even said they felt â€Å"homosexuality is like a disease that you might rub off on you if you get too close.† Many of these men felt like their families would disown them. My feeling is that if you are not gay then you have no reason to be afraid of someone who is. I feel that if you have no doubt in your sexuality then you wouldn’t feel threatened by someone who is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I don’t feel that men are truly independent or confident enough to let go and feel as comfortable as females do. I feel that the social construction of our society needs to be modified. Men need to be taught that it is okay to show emotion and that whatever their sexuality is, it doesn’t matter. To be more masculine we should learn to cope with our sexuality, and not be afraid. Masculinity does not mean without feeling, it means being strong and coming to terms with who you are. Wearing a pink shirt or holding hands with someone doesn’t mean anything then just that. With so many influences changing our perception of the world, its hard to make the right choices. You should not be so quick to judge someone, and in this case, why does it matter?